全文获取类型
收费全文 | 996篇 |
免费 | 160篇 |
国内免费 | 151篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 103篇 |
大气科学 | 45篇 |
地球物理 | 390篇 |
地质学 | 475篇 |
海洋学 | 124篇 |
天文学 | 92篇 |
综合类 | 44篇 |
自然地理 | 34篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 1篇 |
2023年 | 5篇 |
2022年 | 14篇 |
2021年 | 13篇 |
2020年 | 27篇 |
2019年 | 34篇 |
2018年 | 27篇 |
2017年 | 32篇 |
2016年 | 29篇 |
2015年 | 44篇 |
2014年 | 71篇 |
2013年 | 74篇 |
2012年 | 63篇 |
2011年 | 57篇 |
2010年 | 58篇 |
2009年 | 66篇 |
2008年 | 82篇 |
2007年 | 86篇 |
2006年 | 73篇 |
2005年 | 58篇 |
2004年 | 47篇 |
2003年 | 55篇 |
2002年 | 45篇 |
2001年 | 34篇 |
2000年 | 36篇 |
1999年 | 36篇 |
1998年 | 32篇 |
1997年 | 24篇 |
1996年 | 15篇 |
1995年 | 8篇 |
1994年 | 15篇 |
1993年 | 11篇 |
1992年 | 6篇 |
1991年 | 4篇 |
1990年 | 3篇 |
1989年 | 2篇 |
1988年 | 6篇 |
1987年 | 2篇 |
1986年 | 3篇 |
1985年 | 3篇 |
1984年 | 2篇 |
1983年 | 2篇 |
1982年 | 1篇 |
1971年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有1307条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
61.
在已完成的包括16个构件的等位移循环加载钢筋混凝土柱的系列试验中,通过在其中3根柱的塑性铰区沿混凝土受力方向安设位移计,较准确测定了混凝土测试标距内的平均应变在一个加载循环内的变化规律及其随周数增长的变化规律;发现了单周最大压应变随周数的增长而持续增大,单周最大名义拉应变随周数增长而持续减小的重要现象;并与柱顶水平力-水平位移滞回规律实测结果相对应,结合截面受力特征对所得单周和多周应变变化规律的成因作了分析。 相似文献
62.
老黏土地基承载力的确定 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
对比分析了各种确定地基承载力的方法,阐述了理论公式计算确定老黏土地基承载力的重要性.结合武昌地区的工程实例,用各种方法计算确定了老黏土的地基承载力值.研究表明,原位测试方法得到的承载力值偏低,而理论公式计算较合理.为了提高老黏土地基承载力的可信度和精度,在岩土工程勘察中除采用原位测试方法外,有必要结合理论公式计算来获取老黏土地基承载力值. 相似文献
63.
Åsa Fransson 《Hydrogeology Journal》2007,15(2):307-313
Two methods, both using data from fixed-interval-length hydraulic tests and geological mapping on different scales, have been
utilised to estimate transmissivity distributions of individual fractures. Individual fracture properties are of importance
in estimating transport of water and solutes; they influence the spreading of grout when sealing tunnels. One of the methods
is non-parametric, while the other is based on combinatorics and the multiplication principle. The study verified the usefulness
of both methods for estimating the probability of conductive and non-conductive fractures, and the transmissivity distributions.
Data for estimating transmissivity distributions originate from flow logging of a borehole in Sweden. Fracture frequency data
are from core logging and images using a borehole image processing system (BIPS). Estimated transmissivity distributions,
based on flow log data from 3-m sections (test scale length, L: 3 m, and step length, dL: 3 m), were compared with transmissivities
obtained directly from detailed, overlapping flow logging which identify individual conductive fractures (test scale, L: 0.5 m,
step length, dL: 0.1 m). The latter data are considered to be an acceptable approximation of the individual fracture transmissivities;
the agreement, compared with the calculated transmissivity distributions based on 3-m section data, is good for both methods.
Resumen Se han utilizado dos métodos, ambos procesando datos de pruebas hidráulicas de longitud e intervalo fijo y mapas geológicos en distintas escalas, para estimar las distribuciones de transmisividad de fracturas individuales. Las propiedades de fracturas individuales son de importancia para estimar el transporte de agua y solutos; las propiedades influyen en la propagación de lechada al sellar túneles. Uno de los métodos es no paramétrico mientras que el otro se basa en el principio de multiplicación y combinatorio. El estudio verifica la utilidad de ambos métodos para estimar la probabilidad de fracturas conductivas y no conductivas y las distribuciones de transmisividad. Los datos para estimar las distribuciones de transmisividad se originan del registro de flujo de un pozo en Suecia. Los datos de frecuencia de fracturas provienen de registros de núcleo e imágenes usando un Sistema de Procesamiento de Imágenes de Pozo (BIPS). Se compararon las distribuciones estimadas de transmisividad basadas en datos del registro de flujo en secciones de 3 m (longitud de escala de la prueba L: 3 m, y escalón de longitud dL: 3 m), con transmisividades obtenidas directamente de registros detallados de flujo superpuesto el cual identifica fracturas conductivas individuales (escala de la prueba, L: 0.5 m, escalón de longitud, dL: 0.1 m). Los últimos datos se consideran una aproximación aceptable de las transmisividades de fracturas individuales; la consistencia, comparada con las distribuciones de transmisividad calculada basadas en datos de sección de 3 m, es buena para ambos métodos.
Résumé Deux méthodes ont été testées afin d’estimer la distribution des transmissivités de fractures unitaires; toutes deux utilisent des données issues de tests hydrauliques effectués à intervalles réguliers et de cartographies géologiques à plusieurs échelles. La connaissance des propriétés des fractures unitaires est importante pour estimer le transport d’eau et de solutés; elles influencent en outre l’étalement du coulis lors du scellement des tunnels. La première méthode est non-paramétrique, et la seconde repose sur l’analyse combinatoire et le principe de multiplication. Cette étude a vérifié l’utilité des deux méthodes pour estimer la probabilité d’occurrence de fractures conductrices et non-conductrices, et la distribution des transmissivités. Les distributions des transmissivités ont été estimées à partir de diagraphies effectuées sur un forage situé en Suède. Les densités de fracturation proviennent de carottages et d’imagerie BIPS (Borehole Image Processing System). Les distributions estimées des transmissivités, basées sur des diagraphies de flux effectuées sur des sections de 3 m (échelle du test L:3 m; pas dL:3 m), ont été comparées aux transmissivités obtenues sur des diagraphies de flux détaillées et se chevauchant, identifiant les fractures conductrices unitaires (échelle du test L: 0.5 m ; pas dL: 0.1 m). Il est admis que ces dernières données représentent une approximation satisfaisante des transmissivités des fractures unitaires; les deux méthodes sont en accord avec les distributions des transmissivités calculées à partir des données acquises sur des sections de 3 m.相似文献
64.
Hydraulic properties of the crystalline basement 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
Hydraulic tests in boreholes, up to 4.5 km deep, drilled into continental crystalline basement revealed hydraulic conductivity
(K) values that range over nine log-units from 10−13−10−4 m s−1. However, K values for fractured basement to about 1 km depth are typically restricted to the range from 10−8 to 10−6 m s−1. New data from an extended injection test at the KTB research site (part of the Continental Deep Drilling Program in Germany)
at 4 km depth provide K=5 10−8 m s−1. The summarized K-data show a very strong dependence on lithology and on the local deformation history of a particular area. In highly fractured
regions, granite tends to be more pervious than gneiss. The fracture porosity is generally saturated with Na–Cl or Ca–Na–Cl
type waters with salinities ranging from <1 to >100 g L−1. The basement permeability is well within the conditions for advective fluid and heat transport. Consequently, fluid pressure
is hydrostatic and a Darcy flow mechanism is possible to a great depth. Topography-related hydraulic gradients in moderately
conductive basement may result in characteristic advective flow rates of up to 100 L a−1 m−2 and lead to significant advective heat and solute transfer in the upper brittle crust.
An erratum to this article can be found at 相似文献
65.
Limitations of real-time models for forecasting river flooding from monsoon rainfall 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Very intense rainfall during the southwest and northeast monsoons causes severe river flooding in India. Some traditional
techniques used for real-time forecasting of flooding involve the relationship between effective rainfall and direct surface
runoff, which simplifies the complex interactions between rainfall and runoff processes. There are, however, serious problems
in deducing these variables in real time, so it is highly desirable to have a real-time flood forecasting model that would
directly relate the observed discharge hydrograph to the observed rainfall. The storage routing model described by Baba and
Hoshi (1997), Tanaka et al. (1997), and Baba et al. (2000), and a simplified version of this model, have been used to compute observed river discharge directly from observed hourly
rainfall. This method has been used to study rainfall–runoff data of the Ajay River Basin in eastern India. Five intense rainfall
events of this basin were studied. Our results showed that the Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency of discharge prediction for these
five events was 98.6%, 94.3%, 86.9%, 85.6%, and 67%. The hindcast for the first two events is regarded as completely satisfactory
whereas for the next two events it is deemed reasonable and for the fifth it is unsatisfactory. It seems the models will yield
accurate hindcast if the rainfall is uniform over the drainage basin. When the rainfall is not uniform the performance of
the model is unsatisfactory. In future this problem can, in principle, be corrected by using a weighted amount if rainfall
is based upon multiple rain-gauge observations over the drainage basin. This would provide some measure of the dispersion
in the rainfall. The model also seems unable to simulate flooding events with multiple peaks. 相似文献
66.
In this study, we formulate an improved finite element model‐updating method to address the numerical difficulties associated with ill conditioning and rank deficiency. These complications are frequently encountered model‐updating problems, and occur when the identification of a larger number of physical parameters is attempted than that warranted by the information content of the experimental data. Based on the standard bounded variables least‐squares (BVLS) method, which incorporates the usual upper/lower‐bound constraints, the proposed method (henceforth referred to as BVLSrc) is equipped with novel sensitivity‐based relative constraints. The relative constraints are automatically constructed using the correlation coefficients between the sensitivity vectors of updating parameters. The veracity and effectiveness of BVLSrc is investigated through the simulated, yet realistic, forced‐vibration testing of a simple framed structure using its frequency response function as input data. By comparing the results of BVLSrc with those obtained via (the competing) pure BVLS and regularization methods, we show that BVLSrc and regularization methods yield approximate solutions with similar and sufficiently high accuracy, while pure BVLS method yields physically inadmissible solutions. We further demonstrate that BVLSrc is computationally more efficient, because, unlike regularization methods, it does not require the laborious a priori calculations to determine an optimal penalty parameter, and its results are far less sensitive to the initial estimates of the updating parameters. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
67.
This paper presents a new method, called the equivalent force control method, for solving the nonlinear equations of motion in a real‐time substructure test using an implicit time integration algorithm. The method replaces the numerical iteration in implicit integration with a force‐feedback control loop, while displacement control is retained to control the motion of an actuator. The method is formulated in such a way that it represents a unified approach that also encompasses the effective force test method. The accuracy and effectiveness of the method have been demonstrated with numerical simulations of real‐time substructure tests with physical substructures represented by spring and damper elements, respectively. The method has also been validated with actual tests in which a Magnetorheological damper was used as the physical substructure. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
68.
根据DLG产品的质量特性及相应的权值,采用模糊数学的方法进行评价。通过选用不同的隶属函数和不同的评判模型对同一数字线划图进行了评价,得出了一些有益的结论。 相似文献
69.
形变反演模型的非线性平差 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
陶本藻 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》2001,26(6):504-508
阐述了反演问题参数估计的质量要求,将反演理论中的分辨率和精度与平差中的良好统计性质作了对比分析,为使反演参数得到良好估计,提出平差处理对策。针对反演问题经常是非线性模型,提出了非线性平差的几种方法,最后给出参数筛选的原则和相应的统计检验方法。 相似文献
70.